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1. Sand is formed by the weathering and decomposition of all types of rock, _________ most abundant mineral constituent being quartz.
A. and its
B. since its
C. its
D. it is
2. _________ in the daytime for most of the year, the groundhog hibernates in a burrow during winter.
A. Is active
B. That it is active
C. Active
D. While is active
3. The wood of elm trees is used in shipbuilding and in _________ barrels, furniture, flooring, and sporting goods.
A. to make
B. as made
C. making
D. to have made
4. In 1867 Russia sold Alaska to the United States, and in 1958 _________ the forty-ninth state.
A. Alaska’s becoming
B. Alaska became
C. when Alaska became
D. Alaska to become
5. Almost _________ countries use the decimal system.
A. all
B. all of
C. all of which
D. of all
6. _______ allows the skin and thus the body to be cooled.
A. Sweat evaporates
B. When sweat evaporates
C. Sweat, the evaporation of which
D. The evaporation of sweat
7. Activities such as writing down notes will generally lead to faster learning _________just listening to or reading facts.
A. than
B. than is
C. whereas
D. in that
8. The Dallas Civic Opera has earned _________ since its initial production debuted in 1957.
A. an international reputation and
B. an international reputation was
C. what an international reputation
D. an international reputation
9. Born in Akron, Ohio, in 1846, Henry Eugene Abbey became the ________ of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City in 1883.
A. first manager was
B. first manager
C. manager who first
D. manager was the first
10. A covered bridge is built of wooden timbers _________ supporting trusses and a floor and are protected from weather by a roof.
A. when form
B. so form
C. form
D. that form
11. Although _________ with herons or storks, cranes are distinguished from these birds by bare red areas or ornamental plumes on their heads.
A. they are often confused
B. how often they are confused
C. that they are confused often
D. are they confused often
12. More battles were fought in South Carolina _________ in any other state during the American Revolution.
A. as
B. although
C. than
D. but
13. Cotton is grown throughout the world, and _________ year about 50 million bales, weighing nearly 500 pounds apiece, are produced.
A. each
B. a
C. by a
D. in which
14. Based on a device used in naval vessels, the automatic pilot contains gyroscopes _________ references for an airplane’s course.
A. provides
B. that provide
C. that providing
D. and to provide
15. American Sign Language contains over 4,000 signs _________ is used by over half a million people.
A. and
B. although
C. whenever
D. also
16. _________ founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its president until 1904.
A. Clara Barton, who
B. Although Clara Barton
C. It was Clara Barton
D. Clara Barton
17. _________ two air masses with different characteristics meet, an area called a “front” develops.
A. What
B. There are
C. When
D. Being
18. Today’s farmers use irrigation, fertilizers, large machines, and other technology _________ high crop yields.
A. in the production
B. for production
C. to produce
D. produce
19. ________ served as secretary of war under the Articles of Confederation and also, in George Washington’s administration, under the United States Constitution.
A. When Henry Knox
B. It was Henry Knox
C. Henry Knox
D. Henry Knox, who
20. The course of the Missouri River marks the ________ of continental glaciation.
A. approximate southern limit
B. limited, approximately southern
C. southern limit and approximately
D. limit that approximately southern
21. About three-quarters of the state of Indiana is covered by _________.
A. which farmland
B. such farmland is there
C. farmland
D. it is farmland
22. Also called the painted cup, the Indian paintbrush gives forth tiny flowers that are mostly green, while ________ brightly colored.
A. its leaves
B. it leaves being
C. are its leaves
D. its leaves are
23. _________ 70 species of cockroaches in the United States. A. Since about
B. Are about
C. About
D. There are about
24. ______ difficult to achieve centrifugal forces thousands of times as great as the force of gravity.
A. There is not
B. While not
C. What is not
D. It is not | 
