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1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about disease
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City’s Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
D. when the first African American
4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
A. and accelerated a phenomenon
B. a phenomenon that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon which,
D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
A. he became
B. when becoming
C. became
D. did he become
6. _________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range in color from pale green to black, and contain sugar in varying quantities.
A. Their botanical classification as berries
B. Although their botanical classification as berries
C. Because berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified botanically as berries
7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
A. a basic instrument
B. basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument it is
D. as an instrument is basic
8. In instrumentalist philosophy, ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes: they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
A. as they are
B. are they
C. there are
D. are
9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen, and most do both.
A. Working fire extinguishers
B. Fire extinguishers that work
C. Fire extinguishers work
D. The work of fire extinguishers
10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
A. to purchase their own automobiles
B. their own to purchase automobiles
C. to their own purchase automobiles
D. own their automobiles to purchase
11. Frances Perkins, _________ of the United States cabinet, served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female member
C. the first female member who
D. of whom the first female member
12. When _________ to dough and heated, carbon dioxide is released, causing the dough to rise.
A. is added baking powder
B. added baking powder is
C. is baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
13. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations, geneticists use the theory of probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is calculating
D. Calculated
14. Big-band jazz relies on fixed arrangements, where _________ than one instrument playing some of the parts, rather than on improvisation.
A. is more
B. whenever more
C. there is more
D. more
15. Because of _________ diversity, seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
16. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material, _________ of DNA and various types of protein.
A. consisting
B. as to consist
C. consist
D. which consisting
17. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.
A. that normally
B. of which it normally
C. normally
D. that it normally
18. _________ “nova” means new, novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.
A. That
B. Why
C. Although
D. It is
19. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________, Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.
A. Earth is
B. is from Earth
C. what is Earth
D. is it Earth
20. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.
A. a complex network
B. how a complex network
C. a complex network and
D. a network that is complex
21. Bubbles, flaws, and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass, _________ the glass sparkle.
A. which making
B. and making
C. making
D. to making
22. Fog is common near _________ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.
A. there are large
B. large
C. either large
D. where large
23. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.
A. and a
B. so that a
C. a
D. is a
24. _______ by the United States government’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.
A. To prepare
B. As it prepared
C. When preparation
D. Prepared | 
